The EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program is a United States visa program designed to attract foreign investors to stimulate the U.S. economy through job creation and capital investment. Under this program, foreign investors can obtain a green card by investing $900,000 in a USCIS-designated regional center or $1.8 million in a new commercial enterprise.
The EB-5 program requires a significant investment from its participants, making it essential for investors to understand all aspects of the process. Selecting the right EB-5 project is particularly critical for investors to achieve success. EB-5 projects are commonly sponsored by regional centers, and approximately 90 to 95 percent of all EB-5 visa applicants invest in a company sponsored by a regional center. The required capital investment must be directed towards a specific commercial enterprise that is funding a particular investment project, which is referred to as an EB-5 Project. These projects must be considered new commercial enterprises and must create ten full-time jobs for U.S. workers.
New commercial enterprises are defined as lawful, for-profit businesses that were created after November 29, 1990. Enterprises created before this date may qualify if the EB-5 investment leads to significant business restructuring, an increase in employees or net worth of an existing business by 40 percent. Enterprises can be structured in various ways, including a sole proprietorship, limited or general partnership, corporation, business trust, or other publicly or privately owned business structures.
EB-5 projects operate within various industries and business models, such as mixed-use retail, hotels, sports stadiums, restaurants, agricultural developments (e.g., wineries and farms), electric vehicles, manufacturing, biotech and medical technologies, casinos, entertainment venues, convention centers, and office buildings. Selecting a regional center and EB-5 project that meets the required legal criteria and is viable as a business is critical in the EB-5 process, as the investor’s permanent residency is dependent on the project’s ability to create jobs and adhere to the required legal criteria.
Before deciding on where to invest, EB-5 visa applicants should perform due diligence on the regional center and project. Some starting questions include the number of EB-5 investors who have committed to the project, how jobs are created and allocated among investors, the project’s compliance with Matter of Ho, the associated risks, the exit strategy, projected returns, the use of non-EB-5 funds, the credentials of the project’s principals, the regional center’s immigration and securities counsel’s EB-5 experience, the screening process for potential investors, any past involvement in lawsuits or bankruptcy, and the economic or econometric models used to forecast the required number of jobs created.